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Spirodela polyrhiza

S pirodela polyrhiza is an aquatic plant belonging to the Lemnaceae group, distinguishable by its fronds which are larger than those of Lemna minor. Its leaflets are entirely green and have evident veins on the upper surface. Numerous root systems develop under each leaflet, making the plant particularly efficient in absorbing nutrients.

Uses in Phytoremediation: Like other lemnaceae, Spirodela polyrhiza is widely used in the United States and other parts of the world for phytoremediation. Its ability to grow rapidly and absorb large amounts of nutrients makes it ideal for the treatment of municipal and agro-industrial wastewater, helping to remove pollutants and improve water quality in an environmentally friendly way.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun
• Flowering: June - August

Spirodela polyrhiza thrives in well-lit environments and, thanks to its adaptability and resistance, is an excellent choice for phytoremediation systems and for the decoration of ponds and aquariums.

Stratiotes aloides (Ditch Knifegrass)

Stratiotes aloides is a rare and highly sought-after aquatic plant. It has dark green, stiff, elongated and pointed leaves with serrated edges, arranged in submerged rosettes that resemble pineapple tufts.

In June, the plant emerges to the surface, displaying a small, three-petaled white flower that blooms alone in the axil of a leaf rosette. After the bloom and subsequent wilting of the flower, the plant begins to sink to the bottom of the pond, where it will spend the winter, only to re-emerge and bloom again with the arrival of the following spring.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun
• Flowering: June - August

Stratiotes aloides is ideal for sunny ponds and makes a fascinating and rare addition to aquatic environments.

Sisyrinchium angustifolium

Sisyrinchium angustifolium is a perennial herbaceous plant native to North America, belonging to the Iridaceae family. The plant has narrow linear leaves that grow in compact tufts. Above these tufts, thin flattened flowering stems rise, which support splendid inflorescences.

The flowers of Sisyrinchium angustifolium are hermaphroditic and of a delicate blue-purple color, composed of 6 petals. The flowering is prolonged and the flowers appear for several weeks during the summer, giving an ornamental and constant appearance to the plant.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun or partial shade
• Flowering: July - September
• Height in moist soil: 20–50 cm

Sisyrinchium angustifolium thrives in moist, well-drained soil and adapts to a variety of light conditions. With its blue-purple flowers and long flowering season, it is an excellent choice for borders, beds, or water gardens, where it adds color and visual interest throughout much of the summer.

Thalia dealbata

Description: Native to Carolina, Thalia dealbata is one of the most ornamental aquatic plants. Its large, lanceolate and strongly veined leaves are a bright green with glaucous reflections. These leaves are supported by long petioles and are covered with a white patina, the same characteristic found on the stems. The flowers, of a delicate purple color, gather in a terminal spike.

Hardiness and Climate: Thalia dealbata is not very hardy to frost and can therefore only overwinter outdoors in regions with a mild climate.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun or partial shade
• Flowering: July - August
• Height above water level: 150–200 cm
• Depth below water level: 2–5 cm

Thelypteris palustris

Description: This is a small rustic fern characterized by light green lanceolate fronds. This species prefers acidic soils, adapting well to humid and slightly shaded conditions.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Partial shade
• Height above water level: 30–50 cm
• Depth below water level: 2–5 cm

Trapa natans verbanensis (Water chestnut)

Trapa natans verbanensis, commonly known as water chestnut, is an aquatic plant characterized by diamond-shaped, serrated leaves that are arranged in a rosette. The leaves are olive green and tend to turn red in the fall, adding a seasonal touch to the aquatic landscape. The stems of the plant are reddish and support small white flowers.

Reproductive Cycle:

• The plant bears fruit in October. After pollination, the fruit undergoes a particular process: it folds under water, detaches from the plant and settles on the bottom of the body of water.
• There, the fruit will ripen and give rise to a new plant that will appear the following spring.
• Once the pulp is used up, the empty shell of the fruit rises to the surface again, completing the life cycle.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun

Trapa natans verbanensis is ideal for ponds and lakes exposed to the sun, where its singular reproductive cycle and the ornamental aspect of its color changes offer considerable botanical and aesthetic interest.

Typha latifolia (Deaf mace)

Suitable for large ponds, Typha latifolia is characterized by leathery, linear and ribbon-like leaves. The most distinctive part of this plant is the female inflorescence: a velvety brown cylinder that almost touches the male one, located in the upper part of the stem. This characteristic makes the plant very decorative and is often used in dried flower arrangements.

In addition to its aesthetic value, Typha latifolia is used in phytoremediation thanks to its high capacity to absorb heavy metals such as copper, lead and zinc dissolved in water, thus contributing to the purification of aquatic environments.

Characteristics of the Plant:

• Exposure: Full sun
• Flowering: July - September
• Height above water level: 150–200 cm
• Depth below water level: 5–10 cm

Typha latifolia variegated

Description: The variegated Typha latifolia stands out for its splendid lanceolate, long and narrow leaves, of a light green embellished with longitudinal white-cream streaks. During the summer the typical velvety inflorescence that characterizes the Thyhe appears. This variety is considered the most beautiful among the Typha and, unlike the other species, it does not become invasive. It prefers partially shaded positions and, to keep the plant healthy and in shape, it is advisable to divide it every two years.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Partial shade
• Flowering: July - September
• Height above water level: 150–200 cm
• Depth below water level: 5–10 cm

Typha laxmanni Lepechin

It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial. Its long dark green leaves, between 2 and 7 mm wide, surround the stem, which is shorter than the leaves. On the stem, in summer, the typical inflorescence appears divided into two parts: a female basal part and a male apical part, much thinner and longer. Between these two parts there is a space of 1–6 cm. When the female inflorescence reaches maturity, it takes on an intense brick red color. It is a rare plant.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun
• Flowering: July - September
• Height above water level: 80–150 cm
• Depth below water level: 2–5 cm

MINIMUM TYPE
Uniform and erect stems; characteristic female inflorescence, elliptical or globular, brown in colour.

Plant Information: Full Sun, Flowering: V-VIII Height of vegetation above water levelDepth below water level: 40-60 cm2-5 cm

Utricularia vulgaris (Bladderwort)

Utricularia vulgaris is an aquatic plant with bipinnate, hair-like leaves, equipped on their lower surface with small transparent vesicles called utricles . These structures have a dual function:

• Insect Trapping: The utricles trap small insects, providing additional nourishment to the plant.
• Floating: During the flowering stage, the utricles fill with air, helping the plant float and emerge from the surface of the water.

The inflorescence of Utricularia vulgaris consists of a raceme of golden-yellow flowers that bloom from June to August, enriching the aquatic environment with delicate touches of color.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Full sun or partial shade
• Flowering: June - August

Valerian officinalis

Valeriana officinalis is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, known for its medicinal properties. The plant has an erect, hollow and grooved stem. The leaves, arranged oppositely along the stem, are serrated and deep green; only the lower leaves have petioles.

During the flowering season, Valeriana officinalis produces small hermaphroditic flowers with 5 petals, which can be a delicate light pink or, less frequently, white. These flowers are grouped in apical corymbs, creating showy inflorescences. The entire plant emits a characteristic pungent odor, well known for its therapeutic properties.

Plant Information:

• Exposure: Prefers partial shade and shade
• Flowering: May - July
• Height in moist soil: 30–150 cm

Valeriana officinalis thrives in moist, shady soil, making it suitable for borders and cool areas of the garden. In addition to its ornamental interest, it is appreciated for its use in herbal medicine thanks to its roots and other plant parts with calming and sedative properties.